Selma, Texas -- Did You Know?
Copyright © 2000 Jean M. Heide
Used With Permission


DEDICATION:
This is for Wilhelm and Theodora Geier; their daughter, Johanna, and her husband, Martin Schmid, and to the Schmid children: William, Sam, Johanna, Mary Elizabeth, Sedonia and the lost child.

Selma, Texas 1854-1894


THE SPANIARDS

MARTIN DE ALARCON

Martin de Alarcon was the founder of San Antonio having left the Rio Grande on April 9, 1718 with his expedition. On May 1 he founded the Mission San Antonio de Valero and four days later the Villa de Bejar. Alarcon had been a governor of Coahuila in 1705 and then again in 1717 and became governor of the province of Texas in 1716. After founding San Antonio, he went exploring the San Antonio, Guadalupe and Colorado Rivers on his way to East Texas. On May 6, 1718, Alarcon with his group "left in search of the bay of Spiritu Santo and arrived at the creek which they call Sibula which is about eight leagues from the above-named place. [present Cibolo Creek near Selma, Bexar-Comal Co border, current suburb San Antonio]."


THE INDIANS

INDIANS IN THE SELMA AREA

There were various Indian tribes that roamed through the Selma area. One of the tribes was the Lipan Apaches led by Chief Cuelgas de Castro. Selma was a part of the larger area that the Lipan bands traversed throughout South Texas and Mexico. Chief Castro was a well-known chief and helped the settlers and the Texas military in their fight against the Comanches during the days of the Republic of Texas. Castro even went so far as to enlist in the Texas Rangers as a scout. Castro signed a treaty of friendship and mutual aid between his people and the Republic of Texas in 1838. As of this writing, descendants of Chief Castro still live in Selma.


THE SETTLERS

WHEN THE SETTLERS CAME

Did you know the settlers began arriving into the Selma area in 1847 when Hugh Allen and William Davenport moved into town? They ran cattle spreads just off what is now Evans Road near the back of Retama Race Track. They built homes and brought in their families. The valley in which Selma lay was known in Viktor Bracht’s book as “la huerta del mundo” or “the garden to the world.”

There were only about 23 families in Selma in the early 1850's struggling to keep their homes, farms and businesses safe. They were here scratching out a living in this new, little satellite-community of New Braunfels in a strange and dangerous territory.

The 1850 Bexar County Census lists names like: David Trainer, Oscar Wycke, Wiliam Scott, John McGrew, William Marschall, Edward Stapper, John McClellan, Jacob Grigson, Felix Bracht, Maxmillian Reinbach, Charles Griesenbeck, Joseph Schertz, Jacob Kaderli, Jesse Hill, Enoch Jones, Bartley Jordan, Joseph Bates, James Head, Sarah Pullim, John Hauldance, Moses Francis, Jonas Harrison, Lucretia Crowson, Elizabeth Nelson, Roland Nichols, John Mott, Charles Shaffer, Willam Bishop, William Greenwood, William Turner, Hugh Allen, William Walters, Emanuel Wiscowy, William Davenport and William Ware.

One family of early Selma residents living on the other side of the Cibolo Creek in Guadalupe County, was the Murdock Murchison family. Mr. Murchison and his wife, Sarah Ross Murchison, raised 14 children on the farm that was located across the Cibolo Creek from what is now Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church.

Not too long after that in 1852, John S. Harrison and his wife, Martha Jane, moved to Selma from New Braunfels and bought their land from Johannes Kaderli (who had come to Texas with Prince Solms of Braunfels [founder of New Braunfels]) and built their house next to the Cibolo River. John Harrison was a co-owner of the Harrison & McCulloch Stage Line.

When the Harrisons moved away from Selma in 1854, Wilhelm Geier and his son-in-law, Martin Schmid, bought the Harrison's 127-acre farm on the Cibolo and their families lived there until 1894 when the property was sold to Andreas Stautzenberger, who later sold it to Henry Friesenhahn in 1905. (This property is where Forest Creek subdivision and the Olympia Hills Golf Course are today.) The Schmid and Geier farm was "bounded on the east by the Rio Cibolo, on the North by the Frank Bitters estate and James McCann and on the west by S. B. Sproul."

In the mid-1860's, Sam Sproul opened up his stage inn (the vicinity of what is today Rudy’s Bar-B-Q on IH 35) and John G. Miller opened his general store on what would now be Evans Road in the area of Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church. (On October 1, 1864, John G. Miller and his wife, Catherine, leased Lot 1 out of Block 3 to Sawyer, Risher & Hall, a stage company that ran routes through Texas in the 1860’s. See Book I 1, pg. 383 of the Bexar County Deed Records.)

Otto Rhodius and his family moved into town up on what is now FM 1518. The Robert Evans, David G. Kincaid, and Adolph Bremer families moved to Selma. The Bannister Edens family moved in and had their farm in the area of what is now the parking lot of the Universal City Public Works Department.


THE POSTMASTERS

POSTMASTERS

Selma was first known as Cibolo. The first postmaster for Cibolo, Texas was John S. Harrison, who became the postmaster on June 21, 1852; he was followed by: Jesse M. Hill, July 15, 1854 and Josiah Pancoast, September 8, 1855.

"Cibolo" was changed to "Selma":

PostmasterBeginning Date of Service
Arthur FosterOctober 29, 1855 to February 5, 1856
M. Hood MurchisonAugust 10, 1857
Hugh Allen, Sr.July 14, 1859
John G. MillerOctober 25, 1860 discontinued November 5, 1866
Samuel B. SproulApril 2, 1867
John G. MillerMarch 9, 1871
Daniel HofheinzFebruary 4, 1875 discontinued May 16, 1877
Adolph BremerJuly 11, 1877 re-established
George FenskeOctober 13, 1884
William SchmidOctober 25, 1886
Frederick W. StuveAugust 10, 1889
Robert SahmOctober 7, 1891
Charles LuxApril 7, 1896 (Lux ran a general store in Luxello, Texas 3 miles from Selma on what is now Evans Road; post office records show that mail was then delivered to Bracken, Texas beginning February 28, 1906.)


THE STAGE

HARRISON AND McCULLOCH STAGE LINE

Did you know there were only a few stage lines that operated in Texas during the days of the Republic of Texas (1836-1846) and that those were confined to East Texas? The population around the area of San Antonio had substantially declined during the Texas Revolution.

In 1839 a stage line ran from Houston to Austin. However, several years were required before there was a link between Austin and San Antonio. San Antonio and Austin were on the western edge of the Texas frontier and in 1845 an article in a Houston newspaper stated that the "trade of Bexar, like that of Corpus Christi, has been completely broken up by the Comanches who have driven back or cut off every party of traders that were accustomed to visit those places."

Between 1847 and 1850 there existed a rivalry between stage lines for the route between Houston and Port Lavaca. An ad placed in the December 29, 1848 issue of the Galveston Weekly News stated:

The U. S. Mail stage leaves the Planter's House on the arrival of the steamers from New Orleans and Galveston by which travellers will have a speedy and direct passage to Victoria, Cuero, Gonzales, Seguin, New Braunfels, San Antonio, and Austin. Messrs. Harrison and McCullough, the well known proprietors of the line, have placed upon it an excellent coach, and will make their trips so as to enable passengers landing at Indian Point to proceed to the interior with as little delay as possible. By landing at Indian Point, travellers will avoid the danger of detention from vessels grounding on the bar and shoals in the upper bay.

In the June 5, 1851 edition of the San Antonio Ledger, J. S. Harrison, Proprietor placed the following ad:
AUSTIN AND SAN ANTONIO
Tri-Weekley U. S. Mail Stages

THE Proprietor respectfully informs the travelling public that he has fully organized this Line and is now prepared to carry passengers between Austin and San Antonio. He has provided pleasant and convenient coaches and fresh teams and skilled and accommodating drivers. He will make the trip through in one day. No visitor to the State should fail to pass over this route as it leads through one of the most beautiful portions of Texas, by way of San Marcos and New Braunfels. This Line connects at Austin with the Line to Houston and that to Gonzales, and at New Braunfels with the Line to La Vaca Bay.

Leaving Austin every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday morning, will reach San Antonio the same evening, and returning, will leave San Antonio every Monday, Wednesday and Friday morning, and arrive at Austin the same evenings.

Fare through $6. From Austin to San Marcos, $2.50; from San Marcos to New Braunfels $1.50; from New Braunfels to San Antonio $2.50.

Capt. A. COLEMAN is agent at San Antonio. Col. DURHAM at San Marcos; and Capt. J. M.; W. HALL at Austin. No seat will be considered engaged until the name is registered and the fare paid.

July 13, 1850 - J. S. HARRISON, Proprietor.

In 1851, John S. Harrison and William H. McCulloch began their first stagecoach service through New Braunfels when they:
"gave Joseph Landa a draft for $1125 on the Post Office Department, Washington, 'For horses and wagons to be used on Route No. 6285’."

Route 6285 ran from Austin, Texas leaving there at 3:00 a.m. and running through Manchac, San Marcos, Bonita, New Braunfels, Trier, Cibolo (later to be known as Selma) to San Antonio, Texas arriving at 9:00 p.m.

John S. Harrison and his wife, Martha Jane, moved to Selma in 1852. Martha Jane had purchased her 127-acre tract of land from Johannes Kaderli and Henry Kempel on January 26, 1852. (Johannes Kaderli was an original settler who was among those who came with Prince Solms of Braunfels to settle New Braunfels. He and his brother, Jacob, are listed in the 1850 Selma census.) The Harrison house is still standing at the end of Evans Road and is believed to have been built in 1852 as a cornerstone found near the house has that year inscribed on it. The Harrisons sold their land in 1854 to Wilhelm Geier and Martin Schmid and moved to Pleasanton, Texas. John S. Harrison dies in Waco, Texas on December 31, 1864 of causes yet to be determined.


THE CIVIL WAR

CIVIL WAR SOLDIERS FROM SELMA AREA

Some of the men from the Selma area fought in the Civil War. These men fought under Capt. Theodore Podewils, who organized the "Comal Horse Guard" at Hortontown (near New Braunfels) in 1861. In the San Antonio Ledger, on Aug. 13, 1861, there was an article published to the editor from:

Rancho, near Selma, Bexar, Co.
Mr. Editor: --
On last Saturday the company which was partially formed, completed its organization by giving themselves the cognomen of “Van Dorns Mounted Rifles,” and offering their services to the State in case of invasion. This company is composed of our best citizens most of them having lived here a long time consequently have see some service, and should Old Abe’s army invade our soil they will be found ready at the sound of the first gun to aid in repelling them.

The following are the commissioned offiers:
Capt. Wm. Haile [Click here for a photo of his wife, Nancy Ann Murchison]; 1st Lieut. V. P. Sanders, 2d Lieut. M. Schmidt; 2d, 2d Lieut. J. D. Holcombe.

The company numbers 60 men rank and file.

Yours & c.,
Corporal.

On March 15, 1862, volunteers from Selma were mustered into Podewil's company which was one of the three Comal County volunteer companies called for service into the Confederate Army as the Texas Mounted Riflemen. This company, Company F, was part of the 36th Regiment Texas Calvary, which was also called the 32nd. The 36th Regiment was led by Col. Peter Woods and was on active duty from February 1862 through May 1865.

The company was stationed at the following camps:

1. San Antonio, Texas March 31, 1862;
2. Camp Clark, Texas March 31-June 30, 1862;
3. Camp Clark, Texas July-August 1862;
4. Port Lavaca, Texas November 1, 1862-February 28, 1863;
5. Camp Sibley, Texas March-April 1863;
6. at Camp on Rocky, May-June 1863; and,
7. Camp Sidney Johnston, January-February 1864.

In the latter years of the war, this company was among the Texas troops in the Trans-Mississippi Department; Roster of the 32d Regiment Texas Cavalry, Brig. Gen. X. B. Debray's Brigade, Wharton's Cavalry Corps.

Company F contained men from the Shwab, Eickenroht, Toepperwein, Kowald, Schmid, Trefflich, Wallhoefer, Schulze, Schramm, Schwantes, Eberhardt, Mergele, Kirchmann, Hampe, Mattfeld, Harlos, Kemmerling, Pantermuehl, Dierks, Weil, Arlof, Alves, Artz, Bartels, Bitter, Bode, Braun, Busch, Conrads, Coreth, Conring, Dambmann, Daum, Dietzel, Dittmar, Eberling, Ehlers, Ernst, Eweling, Fischer, Habermann, Hampe, Hankammer, Haner, Helmke, Hermann, Hoym, Huebotter, Jung, Jessen, Nolte, Oelkers, Penshorn, Ludwig, Luersen, Maske, Mihalsky, Petri, Pfeuffer, Pidolla, Preusser, Puls, Rame, Sassmannshausen, Scherff, Schimmelpfennig, Sendemer, Stahl, Steffens, Storch, Tolle, Trebes, Uhlit, Waldschmidt, and Wolfshohl families.


THE BUSINESS DISTRICT

DOWNTOWN SELMA 1884-5

Did you know that Selma once had a "regular" downtown business district? It lay where the IH-35 bridge is now at Evans Road. Any remnants of the original township were destroyed in the 1950’s with the widening and expansion of the old Austin Road into IH-35.

In 1883, Selma boasted a population of 90. San Antonio was its express office. Converse was its telegraph office; and, Davenport (Bracken) was its railroad station. It had two gins and “good church and school advantages.” It exported cotton and grain and had tri-weekly mail from Davenport by horse. Its businessmen were listed as:

Thomas Brandon as the blacksmith; Adolph Brenner [Bremer] as the postmaster and owner of the general store, N.A. Evens [Edens], R. B. Evens [Evans], William Sproul, and John Hamilton as the teachers and Frank Koch as the carpenter.

A year later the population had grown to 145. Mail was delivered daily and Adolph Bremer was still the postmaster. They had increased production to include hides.

Some of the businesses listed in the 1884-5 Texas State Gazetteer and Business Directory were as follows:

Thomas Brandon, blacksmith
Adolph Bremer, general store
Fm. Femke, saloon
Edmund Fuch, carpenter
L. Goebel, carpenter
John Hamilton, teacher
W. W. Holcomb, live stock
Frank Koch, carpenter
Peter Lux, wagon maker
Stephen Reichert, carpenter
William Reichmutts, blacksmith
Johan Rohn, shoemaker
Gustave Rueche, teacher
Sebastian Schertz, cotton gin
C. Schmitz, railroad and express agent
S. Schuritz, general store
Henry Seidemann, blacksmith
William Sproul, teacher
A. Suhrn, cotton gin
L. Von Stuchelhausen, apiarist (beekeeper)

In 1892, Selma had a grist mill in addition to the two steam cotton gins. Its population had increased to 600 and William Stuve was the postmaster. The businessmen listed in the 1892 Texas Gazeteer were: Thomas Brandon (blacksmith), F. Brotze (carpenter), George Fenske (carpenter), Edmund Fuchs (carpenter), L. Goebel (carpenter), Antonio Gonzales (shoemaker), Gus Hoffman (wheelwright), H. Hoffman (blacksmith), A. Reed (meat market), A. Sahm (flour mill and gin), A. Sattler (general store and saloon), Sebastian Schertz (cotton gin), F. W. Stuve (notary) and Von Stuchelhausen (apiarist).


THE SCHOOL

SELMA PUBLIC SCHOOL

Selma had a public school as far back as 1855.

The original, stone school house was built by stonemason Hugh Allen Anderson according to Justin Van Gordon Anderson, his son, in Justin’s book Recollections and Reflections of a Texian, Pg. 1, Texian Press, Waco, Texas 1966.

The school was located at the present site of Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic Church in the parking lot area. Originally, it was a small one-room school. The tuition was two dollars a month and the length of the school year varied from six to ten months. On July 24, 1885, Robert B. Evans contributed $19.52 to the School Fund and on May 23, 1856, S. B. Sproul contributed $79.50 to help finance the school which was listed as in District 19. Click here for a late 1880's Selma Public School class photo.

In 1856, John M. Murchison was the teacher of 23 students at the Selma Public School. The school term ran from July 21, 1856 to December 12, 1856. Names of parents and students were: Henry Clinger ( daughter - Mary Clinger); William Davenport ( son -Wm. R. Davenport); Banister Edens – (son - Hugh B. Edens, daughters - Lucinda E. Edens, and Margaret E. Edens); Arthur Foster (daughters - Lovelace Foster and Susan E. Foster); Richard Hines (sons - Lewis H. Hines and Richard Hines, daughters - Mary C. Hines and Fanny V. Hines); John Murchison (Dempsey P. Dickson), Rowland Nichols (daughters - Elizaette P. Nichols, Fannie Nichols, and Elizabeth C. Nichols, son - John L. Nichols), Aaron Pancoast (daughters - Anna C. Pancoast and Mary F. Pancoast); Samuel B. Sproul (son - James W. Sproul, daughters - Hadassah E. Sproul and Nancy Sproul); and, William Tumer, (daughters - Matilda Turner and Elizabeth Turner).

In 1857, a new family moved in with Mr. Beitel listed as parent to Henry Beitel. New students to the school were Napoleon Edens, George Foster, Lovelace Foster, and Josiah Pancoast with Arthur Foster serving as the teacher from March 16, 1857 to July 2, 1857.

Selma Public School is shown in the Bexar County School Annual 1914-15, as a two-story, square-shaped, limestone rock building [Photo]. The school district's trustees are listed as Robert Sahm, Emil Alves and Albert Haag. The author is quite complimentary in his comments about the school stating that it is well equipped with a good library, reference books, comfortable desks, wall maps and fairly good blackboards. All of this was paid for by "private subscription." The author does note that there are ordinarily "twelve to fifteen horses and donkeys in the yard" and that the school needs a good dry wood shed and some "playground apparatus" and that the "liberality of the trustees and patrons can be depended upon to give their children the best."

(NOTE: In the 1930's, Selma Public School merged with the Judson School District.)


THE OTHER NAMES

SELMA ALMOST WAS HILLSBOROUGH

Twice in history "Selma" almost didn't make it as the city's name. Once when it was known as "Cibolo" before the first post office came into being in 1852 and then again on April 10, 1879, when Catherine Miller hired County Surveyor L. C. Navarro to plat the "old town of Selma Texas." Selma is referred to in the survey as being "formerly called Hills Borough." This was a plat of what was to be the "downtown area" of Selma. Streets running north to south were named: Braunfels Street, San Antonio Street, Austin Street and Seguin Street with a Public Square in the center of town. Cross streets running east to west were: Allen Street, Hill Street and Cibolo Street (which bordered along the Cibolo River) with a total of 17 city Block areas.


THE CHURCH

SELMA'S CATHOLIC CHURCH

Did you know the red brick church building burned down in 1918?

Selma's Catholic church branched off from St. Peter & Paul's church in New Braunfels. In 1895, 21 local families sought permission to build a Catholic church in Selma. Leaders of the group were Peter Hubertus, Philip Fey, Jacob Friesenhahn, Charles Lux and William Gleitz. The original wooden church was dedicated on July 4, 1897 with Bishop John A. Forest officiating. The Dedication Mass was celebrated by the Rev. Joseph Weckesser S.M. Philip Fey, Jacob Friesenhahn, Peter Hubertus and Adam Hubertus were the original board of trustees.

In November 1909, the mission of Our Lady of Perpetual Help became a parish of its own with Rev. John Kirch as pastor. The original church was a wooden structure and its bell tower was dedicated in 1912. The wooden church was later moved to become a two-room school. Click here for a photo of the church dedication.

A new red brick church was designed by Architect Leo M. J. Dielmann [Click here for a postcard.], a well-known architect in San Antonio, Texas, but this new church burned down Sunday, November 3, 1918. Click here for a photo.

Our Lady of Perpetual Help continued to grow over the years with the present day church being dedicated March 29, 1987.


THE CEMETERIES AND OTHER INFORMATION

All of the cemeteries in Selma are “historical” cemeteries with graves dating back to the 1850’s. The only active cemeteries are Selma #1 and Selma #2. These are the cemeteries associated with Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic Church. The other cemeteries lie on privately owned property and some still have areas open to burials by family members. All of these cemeteries have been officially recognized by the City of Selma and are listed in the records and minutes of the October 2000 city council meeting. For the protection of these old cemeteries, their names and locations have also been forwarded to the U. S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey Branch of Distribution, Central Region in Denver, Colorado to be included in the next edition of the Schertz Quadrangle Map.

The Schmid and Kincaid Family Cemeteries are located on what is now the 12th Fairway of the Universal City Municipal Golf Course off IH-35 within the city limits of Universal City, Texas. The headstones from these graves have disappeared years ago, however, the remains are still there. A historical marker marks the location of the Schmid Cemetery. The Kincaid Cemetery lies 100 yards away.

The Schmid Family Cemetery contains the following individuals:

1. Wilhelm Geier and his wife, Theodora
2. Martin Schmid and his wife, Johanna (daughter of Wilhelm and Theordora)
3. William Schmid (adult son of Martin and Johanna)
4. Sedonia Haile (adult daughter of Martin and Johanna)
5. Johanna Schmid (young daughter of Martin and Johanna)
6. Unidentified child of Martin and Johanna

The Kincaid Family Cemetery contains the following individuals:

1. David G. Kincaid and his wife, Talitha [Click here for a photo of Talitha and David.]
2. John Davis (father of Talitha)
3. Josephine Kincaid (daughter of David and Talitha)
4. Esther Wallace (daughter of David and Talitha)

The Rhodius Cemetery is located off FM 1518 within the city limits of Selma, Texas and contains the following individuals:

1. Otto Christian Rhodius;
2. Johnna Rhodius;
3. William Faust;
4. Helen Faust

The R. B. Evans Cemetery is on private property is off Evans Road near IH-35 within the city limits of Selma, Texas.

There are a number of individuals in this cemetery. The known graves are as follows:

1. William J. Young
2. Rebecca Pancoast Young
3. William J. Young, Jr.
4. Anna Cooper Young
5. Lena Wahl
6. W. W. Anderson
7. Mary T. Anderson
8. Sarah Anderson
9. Adolph Kreusler
10. Erna Kreusler
11. R. B. Evans
12. Rebecca Evans
13. Sarah Ross Murchison
14. Murdoch Murchison
15. Helen G. Haile (cousin of Nell Neighbors and mother-in-law of Sedonia Schmid Haile) [Wife of William Ashley Haile; Click here for her photo.]
16. Nell Elizabeth Neighbors (granddaughter of Maj. Robert Simpson Neighbors, Indian Agent for the Republic of Texas; more information on Maj. Neighbors can be obtained from the “Handbook of Texas Online” as well as from his biography written by Prof. Kenneth Neighbors. Sidenote: Ignacio Serna for whom Serna Post Office and Serna Elementary School in San Antonio are named was adopted by Maj. Neighbors as a boy after Ignacio had escaped his Indian captor, Buffalo Hump. For a photo of Major Robert Simpson Neighbors' gravesite at Fort Belknap, click here. Photo submitted by Dorman Holub, Chairman, Young County Historical Commission.)
THE ENDNOTES

1. The Spaniards - http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/alarconex.htm
2. The Indians - Texas Handbook Online
3. The Settlers – Texas Handbook Online
    Bexar County Deed Records, Vol. G2, p. 216.
    Bexar County Deed Records, Vol. K1, pp. 644.
    Bexar County Deed Records Vol. 242, p. 267
    History of New Braunfels and Comal County by Oscar Haas
    San Antonio Express, article by John E. Rabel, 10/22/33
    Texas Census Bexar County 1850
    Texas in 1848 by Viktor Bracht
    Letters from Margaret Kasinitz, New York, New York
    Conversation of 10/31/2000 with Mrs. Robert D. Evans, Lockhart, Texas
4. The Postmasters - National Archives Microfilm Publications #M841; Record of Appointment of Postmasters 1832 - September 30, 1971; Roll 121; Texas; Counties Unknown; Anderson - Cass Counties; Washington: 1973.
5. The Stage – History of New Braunfels and Comal County by Oscar Haas
    National Archives/Postal Records/Route 6285/Route 7930/Routes 6154 and 6155
    San Antonio Stage Lines 1847-1881 by Robert Thonhoff.
    The San Antonio Ledger, Thursday, June 5, 1851, Vol. 2
    Bexar County Deed Records Vol. K1, pp. 644
    Bexar County Deed Records Vol. G2, pp. 216
6. The Civil War - "Muster Rolls Give Account of Local Podewils Company", by Oscar Haas, New Braunfels Herald, Aug. 21, 1962
    Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II, Record of Events, Vol. 68, Texas (Confederate)-Cav. (13th-Misc.), pp. 311, Serial No. 79, Broadfoot Publishing Company, Wilmington, N.C., 1998.
    Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. XXXII, pp. 610-612.
    San Antonio Ledger, August 13, 1861.
7. The Business District - Texas State Gazetteer and Business Directory, 1884-5 published by R. L. Polk & Co., 22 North Fourth Street, St. Louis, Mo.
8. The School - Apportionment, or Distribution of the School Fund December 16th, 1857, by the Court, and the Record of the Tabular Statements, Filed, and acted upon by the Court, Bexar County (from records maintained at the San Antonio Genealogical Society on Isom Road, San Antonio, Texas).
    Bexar County School Annual 1914-15
    Superintendent's Office, Judson School District
9. The Other Names - Bexar County Deed Record, Vol. 11 pages 432 and 433. (Toribio Herrera Sur. No. 68, Abstract 309.)
    Texas State Gazetteer and Business Directory 1882-83, published by Standard Director Company, Incorporated Compilers & Publishers Nashville, Tennessee
10. The Church - Alamo Archives
    Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic Church, Selma, Texas


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